LoRaWAN network architecture design is sent in a star-of-stars topology (versus mesh topology eg. Zibgee).

The LoRaWAN IoT networks spread out in a star-of-stars topology have base stations transferring the information between the sensor nodes and the network server.

Communication between the sensor nodes and the base stations goes over the remote channel using the LoRa physical layer, while the connection between the gateways and the central server are taken care of over a backbone IP-based system.

• End Nodes transmit directly to all gateways inside range, utilizing LoRa.
• Gateways transfer messages between end-gadgets and a central network server utilizing IP.

End Nodes 

The End Nodes are LoRa embedded sensors. The nodes regularly have,

• Sensors (used to recognize the changing parameter eg. temperature, mugginess, accelerometer, gps),
• LoRa transponder to transmit motions over LoRa licensed radio transmission strategy, and
• optionally a small scale controller (with on board Memory).

The sensors may connect with the LoRa transponder chip, or the sensor might be an incorporated unit with the LoRa transponder chip inserted.

It is possible to program the micro-controllers in micro-Python or micro-Javascript. This enables engineers to utilize the information from sensors like accelerometers, temperature, and so forth and execute certain utilization cases eg. Fall detection algorithms might be actualized by programming the micro-controller dependent on the contributions from the accelerometer and different sensors.

The LoRaWAN end nodes(sensors) ordinarily utilize Low Power and are battery fueled (Class A and Class B). LoRa embedded sensors that keep running on batteries that can ordinarily last from 2– 5 years. The LoRa sensors can transmit motions over separations from 1km — 10km.

Gateways

The LoRa sensors transmit information to the LoRa gateways. The LoRa gateways connect with the web by means of the standard IP protocol and transmit the information got from the LoRa embedded sensors to the Internet for example a system, server or cloud.